Next Tutorial: Installation
Motivation
Gazebo Physics (gz-physics) is a library component in Gazebo, a set of libraries designed to rapidly develop robot and simulation applications. The main goal of the library is to provide an abstraction layer to various physics engines, which gives end-users the ability to use multiple physics engines with minimal change to their application code. Users can request for physics engines that support a set of features and the plugin loading mechanism loads only the engines that implement the requested features. Besides, a user-selected physics engine can be integrated into the existing code-base by writing a compatible plugin interface, which enables Gazebo Physics extensibility and modularity.
Overview
For a big picture of the Gazebo Physics operation in Gazebo ecosystem, see the abstract diagram below:
In general, gz-sim is the main simulation library, in which its functionalities are powered by many component libraries. For example, its graphical drawing is supported by gz-rendering or simulated sensors that are defined and implemented in gz-sensors. In particular, this library gz-physics provides an abstract interface to physics engines, which simulates dynamic transformations and interactions of objects in gz-sim. The libraries are connected by C++ code.
Gazebo Physics uses a plugin architecture where each physics engine is implemented as a plugin that can be loaded at runtime. To enable users the ability to choose between physics engines, Gazebo Physics introduces four keys elements:
- Entity: the base class, which abstracts all proxy objects, which contains minimal descriptive data (e.g. a unique identifier, a reference-counter, etc.) pointing the corresponding implemented objects.
- FeaturePolicy: the policy class, which provides metadata to features about their simulation engine specifications. FeaturePolicy supports customizing Gazebo Physics' APIs by the number of dimensions (2D or 3D) and also the floating-point scalar type (float or double).
- Feature: defines the concept used to encode the capabilities of a physics engine.
- FeatureList: aggregates a list of features.
Depending on which external physics engine is used (e.g. DART, TPE, Bullet, etc.), the internal interface to the physics engine might be different. However, the API provided by Gazebo Physics will be unchanged between different physics engines.
Supported physics engines
For a list of supported physics engines and their descriptions, please refer to Understanding the Physics Plugin